Browsing by Author "Kaur, Hardeep"

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    Advances in arsenic biosensor development - a comprehensive review
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Rabindra; Babu, , J. Nagendra; Mittal, Sunil
    Biosensors are analytical devices having high sensitivity, portability, small sample requirement and ease of use for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of various analytes of human importance. Arsenic (As), owing to its widespread presence in nature and high toxicity to living creatures, requires frequent determination in water, soil, agricultural and food samples. The present review is an effort to highlight the various advancements made so far in the development of arsenic biosensors based either on recombinant whole cells or on certain arsenic-binding oligonucleotides or proteins. The role of futuristic approaches like surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and aptamer technology has also been discussed. The biomethods employed and their general mechanisms, advantages and limitations in relevance to arsenic biosensors developed so far are intended to be discussed in this review.
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    Biosensors for breast cancer diagnosis: A review of bioreceptors, biotransducers and signal amplification strategies
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Mittal, Sunil; Kaur, Hardeep; Gautam, Nandini; Mantha, Anil K.
    Breast cancer is highly prevalent in females and accounts for second highest number of deaths, worldwide. Cumbersome, expensive and time consuming detection techniques presently available for detection of breast cancer potentiates the need for development of novel, specific and ultrasensitive devices. Biosensors are the promising and selective detection devices which hold immense potential as point of care (POC) tools. Present review comprehensively scrutinizes various breast cancer biosensors developed so far and their technical evaluation with respect to efficiency and potency of selected bioreceptors and biotransducers. Use of glycoproteins, DNA biomarkers, micro-RNA, circulatory tumor cells (CTC) and some potential biomarkers are introduced briefly. The review also discusses various strategies used in signal amplification such as nanomaterials, redox mediators, p19 protein, duplex specific nucleases (DSN) and redox cycling. ? 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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    COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021-12-30T00:00:00) Bhattacharyya, Anusuya; Sarma, Phulen; Kaur, Hardeep; Kumar, Subodh; Bhattacharyya, Jaimini; Prajapat, Manisha; Prakash, Ajay; Sharma, Saurabh; Reddy, Dibbanti Harikrishna; Thota, Prasad; Bansal, Seema; Gautam, Bhaswati Sharma; Medhi, Bikash
    BACKGROUND: Till now, no meta-analysis is available to address the clinical profile, risk factors, different interventions, and outcomes among COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (C-ROCM) cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight literature databases were screened using appropriate keywords from November 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021. The objectives were to analyze the clinical and microbiological profile, risk factor/comorbidity, intervention, and outcome. 'R-metafor package' was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 23 studies were included. The mean age of presentation of C-ROCM was 54.6 years. The most common presentation was ptosis (72.7%), lid edema (60.6%), proptosis (60.6%), ophthalmoplegia (57.3%), loss of vision (53.7%), facial edema (34.7%), and nasal-blockage (11.8%). Evidence of intracranial spread was seen in 42.8% of cases. Rhizopus was the most common fungus (57.1%) isolated in fungal culture. Among C-ROCM patients, diabetes was the commonest comorbid condition, and the use of corticosteroids related to COVID-19 treatment was the most common risk factor (85.75%). Compared to controlled diabetics, C-ROCM was significantly higher among uncontrolled diabetics (odds ratio [OR] 0.15, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] 0.041-0.544, P = 0.0010). However, no significant association was seen between C-ROCM and COVID-19 severity (OR 0.930, 95% C.I. 0.212-4.087, P = 0.923). For treatment, amphotericin-B was the most common antifungal drug used which was followed by surgical options. However, mortality was high (prevalence 0.344, 95% C.I. 0.205-0.403) despite treatment. CONCLUSION: Although local rhino-orbito symptoms were the first to appear, rapid intracranial extension was seen in a significant number of C-ROCM cases. Uncontrolled diabetes and excessive use of corticosteroid were the most common risk factors present among the C-ROCM cases. High index clinical suspicion is imperative (specifically among COVID-19 patients with diabetes), and routine screening may be helpful. � 2021 Indian Journal of Pharmacology Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.
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    Rhino-orbital-cerebral-mucormycosis in COVID-19: A systematic review
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021-08-18T00:00:00) Bhattacharyya, Anusuya; Sarma, Phulen; Sharma, Dibya; Das, Karuna; Kaur, Hardeep; Prajapat, Manisha; Kumar, Subodh; Bansal, Seema; Prakash, Ajay; Avti, Pramod; Thota, Prasad; Reddy, Dibbanti; Gautam, Bhaswati; Medhi, Bikash
    Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, parallel opportunistic infections have also been emerging as another disease spectrum. Among all these opportunistic infection, mucormycosis has become a matter of concern with its rapid increase of cases with rapid spread as compared to pre-COVID-19 era. Cases have been reported in post-COVID-19-related immune suppression along with the presence of comorbidity which adds on the deadly outcome. There is no systematic review addressing the issue of COVID-19-Associated mucormycosis. This is the first systematic review of published studies of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. The aim was to analyze the real scenario of the disease statement including all the published studies from first November 2019 to 30th June to analyze the contemporary epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factor, prognosis, and treatment outcome of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbito-cerebral-mucormycosis. A comprehensive literature search was done in following databases, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using keywords mucormycosis, rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 (from November 01, 2019 to June 30, 2021). Our study shows that, while corticosteroids have proved to be lifesaving in severe to critical COVID-19 patients, its indiscriminate use has come with its price of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis epidemic, especially in India especially in patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus with higher mortality. Corticosteroid use should be monitored and all COVID-19 patients should be closely evaluated/monitored for sequelae of immunosuppression following treatment. � 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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    Short- and long-term safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: A systematic review and m eta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022-11-25T00:00:00) Sarma, Phulen; Kaur, Hardeep; Hafezi, Farhad; Bhattacharyya, Jaimini; Kirubakaran, Richard; Prajapat, Manisha; Medhi, Bikash; Das, Kalyan; Prakash, Ajay; Singh, Ashutosh; Kumar, Subodh; Singh, Rahul; Reddy, Dibbanti; Kaur, Gurjeet; Sharma, Saurabh; Bhattacharyya, Anusuya
    PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and outcomes of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) and different CXL protocols in progressive keratoconus (PK) population at short and long-term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. A total of eight literature databases were searched (up to February 15, 2022). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CXL versus placebo/control or comparing different CXL protocols in the PK population were included. The primary objective was assessment of outcomes of CXL versus placebo and comparison of different CXL protocols in terms of maximum keratometry (Kmax) or Kmax change from baseline (?), spherical equivalent, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and central corneal thickness (CCT) in both at short term (6 months) and long term (1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd year or more). The secondary objective was comparative evaluation of safety. For the meta-analysis, the RevMan5.3 software was used. RESULTS: A total of 48 RCTs were included. Compared to control, CXL was associated with improvement in ? Kmax at 1 year (4 RCTs, mean difference [MD], -1.78 [-2.71, -0.86], P = 0.0002) and 2 and 3 years (1 RCT); ?BCVA at 1 year (7 RCTs, -0.10 [-0.14, -0.06], P < 0.00001); and ? CCT at 1 year (2 RCTs) and 3 years (1 RCT). Compared to conventional CXL (C-CXL), deterioration in ? Kmax, ?BCVA and endothelial cell density was seen at long term in the transepithelial CXL (TE-CXL, chemical enhancer). Up to 2 years, there was no difference between TE-CXL using iontophoresis (T-ionto) and C-CXL. At 2 and 4 years, C-CXL performed better compared to accelerated CXL (A-CXL) in terms of improving Kmax. Although CCT was higher in the A-CXL arm at 2 years, there was no difference at 4 years. While exploring heterogeneity among studies, selection of control eye (fellow eye of the same patient vs. eye of different patient) and baseline difference in Kmax were important sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: CXL outperforms placebo/control in terms of enhancing Kmax and CCT, as well as slowing disease progression over time (till 3 years). T-ionto protocol, on the other hand, performed similarly to C-CXL protocol up to 2 years. � 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.