Browsing by Author "Kumar, S."

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Bacillus subtilis CP4, isolated from native soil in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes biofortification, yield and metabolite production in wheat under field conditions
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020-12-03T00:00:00) Yadav, R.; Ror, P.; Rathore, P.; Kumar, S.; Ramakrishna, W.
Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the best combination of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for biofortification and enhancing yield in wheat as well as improve soil health under field conditions. Another aim was to get insights into metabolite dynamics in plants treated with PGPB and AMF. Methods and Results: Different combinations of PGPB and AMF that gave good results in greenhouse study were used in a field study. The combined application of Bacillus subtilis CP4 (native PGPB) and AMF gave the best results with a significant increase in biomass, macronutrient and micronutrient content in wheat grains and improvement in yield-related parameters relative to the untreated control. PGPB and AMF treatment increased antioxidant enzymes and compounds and decreased the level of an oxidation marker. Metabolite profiling performed using Gas Chromatography�Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed significant upregulation of specific organic acids, amino acids, sugars and sugar alcohols in plants treated with CP4 and AMF. The altered pathways due to CP4 and AMF inoculation mainly belong to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. A positive correlation was observed between some organic acids, sugars and amino acids with wheat growth and yield parameters. The activities of soil enzymes increased significantly with the best results shown by native PGPB and AMF combination. Conclusions: A native bacterial isolate Bacillus subtilis CP4 in combination with AMF showed exceptional ability for biofortification and yield enhancement under field conditions. The upregulation of a number of metabolites showed correlation plant growth promotion and nutrients. Significance and Impact of the Study: The combined application of native B. subtilis CP4 and AMF could offer a more sustainable approach for the development of a biofertilizer to enhance wheat nutrient content and production and soil health thereby advancing agriculture. � 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology
Bacillus subtilis CP4, isolated from native soil in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes biofortification, yield and metabolite production in wheat under field conditions
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020-12-03T00:00:00) Yadav, R.; Ror, P.; Rathore, P.; Kumar, S.; Ramakrishna, W.
Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the best combination of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for biofortification and enhancing yield in wheat as well as improve soil health under field conditions. Another aim was to get insights into metabolite dynamics in plants treated with PGPB and AMF. Methods and Results: Different combinations of PGPB and AMF that gave good results in greenhouse study were used in a field study. The combined application of Bacillus subtilis CP4 (native PGPB) and AMF gave the best results with a significant increase in biomass, macronutrient and micronutrient content in wheat grains and improvement in yield-related parameters relative to the untreated control. PGPB and AMF treatment increased antioxidant enzymes and compounds and decreased the level of an oxidation marker. Metabolite profiling performed using Gas Chromatography�Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed significant upregulation of specific organic acids, amino acids, sugars and sugar alcohols in plants treated with CP4 and AMF. The altered pathways due to CP4 and AMF inoculation mainly belong to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. A positive correlation was observed between some organic acids, sugars and amino acids with wheat growth and yield parameters. The activities of soil enzymes increased significantly with the best results shown by native PGPB and AMF combination. Conclusions: A native bacterial isolate Bacillus subtilis CP4 in combination with AMF showed exceptional ability for biofortification and yield enhancement under field conditions. The upregulation of a number of metabolites showed correlation plant growth promotion and nutrients. Significance and Impact of the Study: The combined application of native B. subtilis CP4 and AMF could offer a more sustainable approach for the development of a biofertilizer to enhance wheat nutrient content and production and soil health thereby advancing agriculture. � 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology
Bioactive carbohydrates
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kushwaha, P.P.; Tiwari, A.; Kumar, S.
Carbohydrates (also known as saccharides) are the chemical moieties composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Based upon their association they are known as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the major energy providing moieties in the body. Different level of carbohydrate such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides play important role in functioning of the body. It has been demonstrated that polysaccharides and oligosaccharides together constitutes one of the most abundant group of biopolymer. In other words polysaccharide constitutes an important part of the bio-macromolecules in the life science. Generally bioactive carbohydrate may be defined as those show biological efficacy in organism and are produced by the organism. Beside the above mentioned functions, bioactive polysaccharides play role against different diseases, disorders and infection. The complex structure, assembly of monomers, pattern of bonding and charge distribution among polysaccharide structures is the basis of differential biochemical activities of bioactive carbohydrates. In the present book chapter we will discuss various bioactive polysaccharides, their natural occurrence, biological and medicinal attributes. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Bioactive peptides
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Waseem, M.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, A.
Peptides are small molecules composed of less than 20 amino acid residues. They are either derived from their parental polypeptide chains by enzymatic processes or even freely exist in natural sources. Bioactive peptides are those which have various biological activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammation and immunomodulation. Further, they also show antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Moreover, in human, bioactive peptides also perform crucial role in the regulation of digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Therefore, bioactive peptides are recently being used for the improvement of human life due to their several biological properties. In this book chapter, we discuss the different sources, methods for the production, and biological activities of bioactive peptides. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Biochemistry laboratory tests for carbohydrates
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Sharma, A.K.; Kumar, S.
Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of organic compounds. In living organism they are mainly utilized for energy production. Carbohydrates act as the primary source to provide energy for functioning of living organisms. They originate as products of photosynthesis, an endothermic reductive condensation of carbon dioxide requiring light energy and the pigment chlorophyll. The carbohydrates are a major source of metabolic energy, both for plants and for animals that depend on plants for food. Carbohydrates may be divided into reducing and non-reducing. Both reducing and non-reducing carbohydrate have different functional groups due to which they exert different chemical reactions. This forms the basis of differentiation and identification of carbohydrate in biochemical laboratory. Carbohydrates are mono, di and/or polysaccharide in nature which can be differentiated and identified in the laboratory. In the present book chapter we will discuss characteristics of carbohydrates and different biochemical laboratory test for differentiation and identification of carbohydrate. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carbohydrate digestion andabsorption
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kushwaha, P.P.; Kumar, S.
Our body needs energy to perform various functions of the cell. Food is required to fulfill the energy requirement of the body. Protein, fats, vitamins and carbohydrates are the major food components. Out of these carbohydrate is considered as the main source of energy. Carbohydrate is chemical moiety having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are simple to complex in nature. Energy resides in the bond energy of the carbohydrate molecule. Digestion of carbohydrate is the process by which the complex carbohydrate molecules get split into simpler carbohydrate moiety. Digestion is necessary because the complex molecules should be converted into simpler molecules that might able to get absorb by the intestinal cell. After absorption the molecules travel to different cells of the body via blood. Various forms of transporters are used for the transportation of glucose in the body. In the present chapter we discussed the chemical and physical properties of some monosaccharaide and polysaccharide; carbohydrate digestion through digestive system and enzymes involved; and mechanism of absorption. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Carbohydrate metabolism: Theory and practical approach
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kumar, S.
Carbohydrate Metabolism: Theory and Practical Approach consists of original chapters and provides an updated and unique source of information for all those interested in the fundamentals of carbohydrate metabolism and its associated processes. Although the authors assume that most readers/students have at least introductory knowledge of carbohydrate metabolism, they have attempted to compile and edit the invited chapters written by experts in a way that even a stranger to this field could easily understand and comprehend. The book will be useful for B.Sc., M.Sc., PhDs (Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Botany, Zoology, Bioinformatics, etc), and medical students including MBBSs and MDs in search of a guide to help them through a vast field of knowledge. Moreover, the book is also very useful for students preparing for various competitive examinations such as CSIR, ICMR, DBT and ICAR JRF/NET. ? 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Clinical laboratory tests for carbohydrates
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kumar, S.; Sharma, A.K.
Clinical biochemistry is also known as clinical chemistry/chemical pathology or medical biochemistry. Basically, it is an area of clinical pathology, generally deals with the analysis of body fluids for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Clinical biochemistry is an application part of medical biochemistry that deals with methodology and interpretations of clinical (chemical) tests carried out for the diagnosis of disease. It has been reported that carbohydrate metabolism get disturbed in various diseases. Several carbohydrate metabolites and substrate have been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases related to malfunction of carbohydrate metabolism. In the present book chapter we will discuss various carbohydrate tests. Glucose oxidase, ferricyanide, hagedorn and Jensen and Nelson and Somogyi methods will be describe for the estimation of glucose. Other than these methods we will also learn about liver glycogen, starch, a-amylolysis in vitro, anaerobic glycolysis tests and measurement of endogenous respiration. In the present book chapter we will discuss various carbohydrate tests. Glucose oxidase, ferricyanide, hagedorn and Jensen and Nelson and Somogyi methods will be describe for the estimation of glucose. Other than these methods we will also learn about liver glycogen, starch,a- amylolysis in vitro, anaerobic glycolysis tests and measurement of endogenous respiration. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emerging Role of Migration and Invasion Enhancer 1 (MIEN1) in Cancer Progression and Metastasis
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Kushwaha, P.P; Gupta, S; Singh, A.K; Kumar, S.
Tumor metastasis is a sequential event accounting for numerous cancer-related fatalities worldwide. The process of metastasis serially involves invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and tumor growth at the secondary site. Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) is a membrane associated protein overexpressed in various human cancers. Biological activity of MIEN1 is driven by geranylgeranyltransferase-I mediated prenylation at CAAX motif and methylation of the prenylated protein that anchors MIEN1 into the cellular membrane. Post-translationally modified MIEN1 interacts with Syk kinase and Annexin A2 protein; polymerizes G-actin and stabilizes F-actin filament; induces focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and decrease cofilin phosphorylation implicated in both invasion and metastasis of different cancer types. In the present review, we discuss the structure, function, and involvement of MIEN1 in cancer progression. We also highlight the future prospects of MIEN1 as an emerging molecule and novel target in cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Emerging role of ZBTB7A as an oncogenic driver and transcriptional repressor
(Elsevier, 2020) Gupta, S; Singh, A.K; Prajapati, K.S; Kushwaha, P.P; Shuaib, M; Kumar, S.
ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family of transcription factors that possesses a POZ-domain at the N-terminus and Krüppel-like zinc-finger at the c-terminus. ZBTB7A was initially isolated as a protein that binds to the inducer of the short transcript of HIV-1 virus TAT gene promoter. The protein forms a homodimer through protein-protein interaction via the N-terminus POZ-domains. ZBTB7A typically binds to the DNA elements through its zinc-finger domains and represses transcription both by modification of the chromatin organization and through the direct recruitment of transcription factors to gene regulatory regions. ZBTB7A is involved in several fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. It also participates in hematopoiesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, cellular metabolism and alternative splicing of BCLXL, DNA repair, development of oligodendrocytes, osteoclast and unfolded protein response. Aberrant ZBTB7A expression promotes oncogenic transformation and tumor progression, but also maintains a tumor suppressive role depending on the type and genetic context of cancer. In this comprehensive review we provide information about the structure, function, targets, and regulators of ZBTB7A and its role as an oncogenic driver and transcriptional repressor in various human diseases. - 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Flavonoids: Synthesis and biological activities
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kushwaha, P.P.; Singh, P.; Kumar, S.
Flavonoid, the biggest class of secondary metabolite, are are found in vegetable, parsley, fruits, and wine. They are divided into distinct subgroups such as flavanols or catechins, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, and anthocyanins. Flavonoids performs various protective functions against several herbivore, insectivores, and microbes. Some of the flavonoids such ascampothecin and vincristine are approved as anticancer drug. In the present chapter, we focused on different group of flavonoids and their potential functional relationship with the environment and disease. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Glycogenolysis
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kushwaha, P.P.; Kumar, S.
In animals glycogen is the main storage form of fuel material. It is a multi-branched polysaccharide of glucose. Excess of glucose in body get stored in the form of glycogen for further utilization. In future when the body gets starvation condition the stored glycogen in the body gets split into its monomer constituent glucose. The glucose is then utilized by the body to fulfill the energy requirement. Breakdown of glycogen is known as glycogenolysis. It is a step by step process that produces glucose. In the present chapter we will discuss the structure and function of glycogen. The detailed mechanism of glycogenolysis is discussed in the chapter. Moreover we also discussed the regulation of this metabolic process. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health promoting activity of myricetin: A natural flavonoid
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Singh, P.; Bast, Felix; Kumar, S.; Kundu, P.
Myricetin is a plant-derived flavonoid and is well known for its nutraceuticals value. It is a natural flavonol with hydroxyl groups at 3, 5, 7, 3', 4' and 5' positions, which found in fruits, vegetables, tea, berries and red wine. Furthermore, it can perform the functions including antiinflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective properties, and anti-hyperlipidemia. All of those functions may contribute the prevention of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease. In the present book chapter, a comprehensive discussion has been made to address the potential benefits of myricetin on cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease. We also discuss the underlined mechanism involved in the biological action of myricetin. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Identification of Compounds from Curcuma longa with in Silico Binding Potential against SARS-CoV-2 and Human Host Proteins Involve in Virus Entry and Pathogenesis
(Indian Pharmaceutical Association, 2021-12-07T00:00:00) Kumar, S.; Singh, A.K.; Kushwaha, P.P.; Prajapati, Kumari Sunita; Senapati, S.; Mohd, S.; Gupta, S.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and associated coronavirus disease 2019 is a newly identified human coronavirus has imposed a serious threat to global health. The rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and its ability to spread in humans have prompted the development of new approaches for its treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerases for life cycle propagation and Spike (S)-protein for attachment to the host cell surface receptors. The virus enters the human body with the assistance of a key functional host receptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 primed by transmembrane serine protease 2 which are putative targets for drug development. We performed screening of 267 compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against the viral S-protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and host receptor proteins dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and transmembrane serine protease 2 using in silico molecular docking. Compounds C1, ((4Z,6E)-1,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien- 3-one) and C6 ((4Z,6E)-1,5-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6- dien-3-one) exhibited tight binding to the S1 domain of the Spike protein than VE607 and with RNAdependent RNA polymerase protein more effectively than ribavirin and remdesivir. These compounds also interacted with the human host proteins dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and transmembrane serine protease 2 with higher efficiency than standard inhibitors sitagliptin and camostat mesylate. The lead compounds showed favorable free binding energy for all the studied protein-ligand complexes in Molecular mechanics/ Generalized born model and solvent accessibility analysis. Besides, other Curcuma longa compounds C14 and C23 exhibited almost similar potential against these target proteins. The structure based optimization and molecular docking studies have provided information on some lead Curcuma longa compounds with probability for advancement in preclinical research. � 2021 Indian Pharmaceutical Association. All rights reserved.
Identification of potential natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 main protease by molecular docking and simulation studies
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Gupta, S; Singh, A.K; Kushwaha, P.P; Prajapati, K.S; Shuaib, M; Senapati, S; Kumar, S.
Coronaviruses are contagious pathogens primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections. Research efforts to develop antiviral agents against coronavirus demonstrated the main protease (Mpro) protein may represent effective drug target. X-ray crystallographic structure of the SARS-CoV2 Mpro protein demonstrated the significance of Glu166, Cys141, and His41 residues involved in protein dimerization and its catalytic function. We performed in silico screening of compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against Mpro protein inhibition. Employing a combination of molecular docking, scoring functions, and molecular dynamics simulations, 267 compounds were screened by docking on Mpro crystallographic structure. Docking score and interaction profile analysis exhibited strong binding on the Mpro catalytic domain with compounds C1 (1E,6E)-1,2,6,7-tetrahydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) and C2 (4Z,6E)?1,5?dihydroxy?1,7?bis(4?hydroxyphenyl)hepta?4,6?dien?3?one as lead agents. Compound C1 and C2 showed minimum binding score (�9.08 and �8.07 kcal/mole) against Mpro protein in comparison to shikonin and lopinavir (? ?5.4 kcal/mole) a standard Mpro inhibitor. Furthermore, principal component analysis, free energy landscape and protein-ligand energy calculation studies revealed that these two compounds strongly bind to the catalytic core of the Mpro protein with higher efficacy than lopinavir, a standard antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. Taken together, this structure based optimization has provided lead on two natural Mpro inhibitors for further testing and development as therapeutics against human coronavirus. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. � 2020, � 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Introduction to secondary metabolites
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kumar, S.
Metabolic pathways in a microorganism, used for the production of energy, are known as primary metabolic pathway. The metabolic product or intermediary metabolites of primary metabolic pathway are used for the production of secondary metabolites. The pathway used for the production of secondary metabolites is known as secondary metabolism pathway. Secondary metabolites are defined as the chemical compounds that are not directly involved in the growth and development of an organism. Plants, animals, and microbes are known to produce secondary metabolites for various purposes such as defense from herbivores and predators, for pollination, to attract opposite sex individual of the same species, to invade host pathophysiological barriers, and protection from ultraviolet radiations, etc. Secondary metabolites are the basis of various medicinal system worlds around. Beside pharmaceutical industry secondary metabolites have an important place in textile, paper, cosmetics and other industries. Different techniques have been evolved from time to time with the advancement of science to increase the production of secondary metabolites. In the present chapter, we will discuss the importance of secondary metabolite production in plants, animals, and microbes. We will also discussthe machinery involved for increasing the production of secondary metabolites. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Objective and subjective exercise
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Sharma, A.K.; Kumar, S.
[No abstract available]
On new symmetry, series solution and conservation laws of nonlinear coupled Higgs field equation
(Springer, 2020) Kumari, P; Gupta, R.K; Kumar, S.
The work presents systematic investigations on invariant analysis and the analytic solution of the second order Higgs equation. On employing Lie classical approach, new symmetry and the corresponding reduction of the system are obtained. Explicit convergent infinite series solution of the reduced system is obtained. Local conservation laws of the system are derived by the multiplier approach. 2020, Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Secondary metabolite and functional food components: Role in health and disease
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Kumar, S.
Secondary Metabolites and Functional Food Components: Their Roles in Health and Disease consists of original chapters, provides updates to previous source material and acts as a unique source of information for all those interested in secondary metabolites and functional food components. The proposed publication focuses on the pharmaceutical and food industries, with an emphasis on their aspects pertaining to chemistry, nutrition sciences, biochemistry and biology. In the present book, the major secondary metabolites and the chemistry in conjunction with functional food components have been discussed. The book also deals with the role of secondary metabolites in human health and diseases. This book is specifically marketed towards graduate and master?s students. It deals with the knowledge and recent advancements in the field of secondary metabolites and functional food components as well as their importance in health and disease. Moreover, the book will also be very useful for the students preparing for various competitive examinations such as the CSIR, ICMR, DBT, and ICAR JRF/NET exams. ? 2018 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Synergistic effect of eco-friendly pistachio shell biomass on nano-MnO2 for crystal violet removal: kinetic and equilibrium studies
(Institute for Ionics, 2022-05-07T00:00:00) Kumar, S.; Brar, R. Singh; Saha, S.; Dahiya, A.; Kalpana; Babu, J. Nagendra
Pistachio shell powder-supported MnO2 nanostructure-based eco-friendly nanocomposite (nMPP) was prepared via one-pot redox precipitation method and was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, TGA/DTA, and XPS techniques. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the pseudo-spherical and nanorod morphologies of the synthesized nano-MnO2 and found agglomerated on the pistachio biomass. The nMPP contains nearly 41% Mn as MnO2 (w/w %) dispersed onto the pistachio shell biomass as confirmed from EDX, TGA, and AAS analysis. The nMPP exhibits multi-process crystal violet (CV) removal phenomenon under different pH of aqueous dye solution. Under acidic pH, nMPP caused oxidative degradation of CV by in situ formed.OH radicals; while under the neutral pH, CV undergoes monolayer adsorption onto the surface of nMPP as confirmed from Langmuir adsorption isotherm fit with maximum equilibrium adsorption value of 148.7�mg.g?1. The nMPP nanomaterial exhibits a synergistic effect between adsorption efficiencies of pistachio shell biomass and nano-MnO2 for the effective removal of toxic CV dye. The maximum saturation adsorption and rate constant (k 2) value obtained from the pseudo-second-order kinetic fit model were 119.13�mg.g?1 and 5.0 � 10�4�g.mg?1�min?1, respectively. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.