Browsing by Author "Singh, Jatinder"

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    Comparative Analysis of Laccase Immobilization on Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles using Two Activating Agents:EDAC and Cyanuric Chloride
    (Tamil Nadu Scientific Research Organization (TNSRO), 2016) Das, Anamika; Singh, Jatinder; Yogalakshmi, K. N.
    Surface modification improves the covalent bonding of enzymes onto the magnetic nanoparticles. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of surface activators (EDAC (1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide) and Cyanuric chloride) in immobilization of enzymes. Nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method ranged insize from 15-20 nm. The nanoparticles possessed crystalline property as confirmed by the XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) peaks. SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis of EDAC and cyanuric acid activated nanoparticles showed atomic sulphur percent of 0.08% and 0.02%, respectively. It is concluded that EDACwas more successful in loading more enzymes than cyanuric acid. Bradford estimation of the unbound protein after first wash for ENP-EDAC and ENP-CC was 29.1 μg/mL and 132.1 μg/mL, respectively. EDAC is a potential surface modifier for enzyme immobilization process.
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    Copper(II) Bioremoval by a Rhizosphere Bacterium, Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila MYS1-Process Optimization by RSM Using Box–Behnken Design
    (Springer, 2017) Manohari; Singh, Jatinder; Yogalakshmi, K. N.
    A copper-tolerant bacterium strain MYS1 was isolated from Brass effluent-contaminated Cynodon dactylon rhizosphere and identified as Stenotrophomonas acidaminipila by 16S rRNA analysis. Bacterium culture was enriched in copper(II) supplemented nutrient broth. Bacterial potential for copper(II) bioremoval was investigated under optimized parameters. Three parameters—pH, temperature and copper(II) concentration—were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design (BBD) with quadratic model was selected. Seventeen experimental runs were carried out to get the desired response. Model’s significance was confirmed by high R2 value (0.9941), low P value (<0.0001) and F value (131.32). Effect of different parameters on bioremoval of copper(II) was determined by response contour and surface graphs. Results showed that optimum values for copper(II) removal were obtained at pH (5.0), temperature (32.5 °C) and copper(II) concentration (250 mg/L). Under these optimized conditions, maximum bacterium growth (2.87 µg/mg) and copper(II) bioremoval (94.1%) were demonstrated after 120 and 168 h of incubation, respectively. High percentage of copper(II) removal at such a higher concentration confirmed the feasibility of bacterium Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila MYS1 in copper bioremediation and industrial effluent treatment.
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    Isolation of indigenous butachlor (Herbicide) degrading bacteria from the agricultural fields of punjab
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Singh, Jatinder; Yogalakshmi, K.N.
    Butachlor (N-Butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl acetanilide) is a chloroacetalanilide herbicide widely used in paddy fields. Due to extensive application, high stability and persistence in soil and water, has resulted in its ubiquitous presence as a pollutant. Hence, it becomes necessary to degrade the herbicide through an eco friendly and cost effective method. In this study, the degradation of butachlor herbicide was studied under controlled laboratory condition. The soil was collected from the agricultural fields of Punjab. The inoculum from the soil was enriched in 0.16mmol/L of butachlor at 130 rpm and 30 ?C. The enriched culture was plated and the best growing bacteria was isolated and designated as JF. The biodegradation of strain JF was evaluated at 0.16 and 0.32mmol/L concentration of butachlor. The isolate showed a degradation efficiency of 91.87% and 78.08% at 0.16mmol/L and 0.32mmol/L of butachlor, respectively in 120 hours (pH 7). The bacterial isolate JF was identified as Staphylococcus sp. through biochemical characterization. This study highlights the first report of isolation of butachlor degrading bacteria from the native soil of Punjab.
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    Prospects of chitinase in sustainable farming and modern biotechnology: an update on recent progress and challenges
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-03-01T00:00:00) Sharma, Anindita; Arya, Shailendra Kumar; Singh, Jatinder; Kapoor, Bhupinder; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Suttee, Ashish; Singh, Gursharan
    Chitinases are multifunctional biocatalysts for the pest control and useful in modern biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Chemical-based fungicides and insecticides have caused more severe effects on environment and human health. Many pathogenic fungal species and insects became resistant to the chemical pesticides. The resistant fungi emerged as a multidrug resistant also and less susceptible insects are not possible to control adequately. Chitinases have an immense potential to be exploited as a biopesticide against fungi and insects. The direct use of chitinase in liquid formulation or whole microbial enzyme producing cells, both act as antagonistically against the pests. Chitinase can disintegrate the fungal cell wall and insect integument that holds the chitin as a vital structural component. Moreover, chitinase is applied for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides. Chitinase producing microbes have the huge potential to utilize against the waste management of sea food remains like shells of crustaceans. Chitinase is valuable for the synthesis of protoplasts from industrially important fungi, further it act as the biocontrol agent of malaria and dengue fever causing larvae of mosquitoes. Chitinases also have been successfully used in wine and single cell protein producing industries. Present review is illustrating the updated information on the state of the art of different applications of chitinases in agriculture and biotechnology industry. It also bestows the understanding to the readers about the areas of extensively studied and the field where there is still much left to be done. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Urban informal economy and vulnerabilities of domestic waste-pickers: A case of Chandigarh, India
    (SAGE Publications Ltd, 2023-02-22T00:00:00) Singh, Kulwinder; Singla, Naresh; Sharma, Manjit; Singh, Jatinder
    In urban informal economies, waste-pickers increasingly face threat to their livelihoods due to the rapid emergence of formal systems of waste collection and lack of adequate public policies for their welfare. In this context, the study explores livelihood conditions of domestic waste-pickers and their occupational and educational mobility in Chandigarh, which is often referred as one of most well-planned cities of India. Using a semi-structured schedule, a field-based survey of the waste-pickers brings out that waste-pickers are the migrant workers from adjoining states and work as waste-pickers mainly due to non-availability of alternative employment opportunities. Employment in waste-picking is characterized by informal service charge fixation purely through interaction between house-owners and waste-pickers, where their low bargaining power leads to a surprisingly low level of income with significant variations due to gender. Child labour, even though disguised, also tends to exist. The study reveals unsafe working conditions, awful health conditions and unpleasant living conditions of the waste-pickers along with trivial upward educational mobility and no upward occupational mobility. The analysis presents a classic case of failure of both market and state in delivering optimum economic welfare to waste-pickers even in case of well-planned and highly urbanized city such as Chandigarh of India and demands immediate public policy intervention. � The Author(s) 2023.