Botany - Mphil Thesis

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To study the effects of insulin and metformin on pc-3 cell line
(Central University of Punjab, 2016) Singh, Pushpendra; Bast, Felix
Dietary habits, genetic factors, hormonal factors and environmental factors are the independent risk factors for prostate cancer as well as diabetes. Androgen is the primary growth factor for the prostate cancer initiation and progression, however, non androgen peptide growth factor like insulin and insulin growth factor also involved in the prostate cancer as well as diabetes. Insulin and insulin growth factor are peptide that regulates metabolism, growth, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is rapidly emerging as a potential anti-cancer agent that improves insulin homeostasis and decreased growth and cellular proliferation of the prostate cancer cell line. Thus it is necessary to understand the growth promoting role of insulin on prostate cancer cell line and the possible influences of metformin on the proliferation of prostate cancer cell line in the presence and absence of insulin has been studied.
Effect of metform on insuln mediated proliferation of lung cancer cell lines
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Seema; Bast, Felix
Background: The incidence of cancer in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is a matter of concern. Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of death in males. Smoking is the main risk factor contributing to lung cancer progression. The occurrence of cancer is more with the type 2 DM. Besides, hyperglycemia and endogenous insulinaemia exist together for a long duration as a result of insulin resistance. As a consequence of this, the mitogenic activity of insulin is amplified. Moreover, other growth factors, and hormones are activated under the influence of insulin that further enhances this effect. It is also related to obesity, central fat accumulation, physical inactivity and smoking. The nicotine of smoke induces oxidative stress and endothelial malfunction creating metabolic abnormalities in lung cancer. In this perspective, role of insulin sensitizing drug, metformin in inhibiting the growth proliferation of lung cancer cells is hereby explored. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the growth proliferation effect of insulin on non small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. It also proposed to evaluate role of metformin in preventing insulin mediated proliferation in p53 and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) mutant and wild type cell lines. Materials and methods: Two non small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, A549 and H1299 (p53 and LKB1 wild type and mutant) were used to analyze the mitogenic role of insulin by incubating for 24 hours with human recombinant insulin at a range of concentrations from 1nM to 10'M. This was followed by the metformin (concentrations from 1'M to 50mM) treatment for 24 hours along with insulin (500'M for A549 and 1mM for H1299). The proliferations were assessed by MTT dye reduction test and the percentage of the survival of the treated cells was compared with the control. One way ANOVA was used for the data analysis and the proliferation between cell lines were evaluated by student's t-test and two way analysis of variance (Two way ANOV). Results: Both the cell lines exhibited a significant proliferation (p<0.001) with the concentrations of insulin. Insulin stimulated the proliferation approximately by two fold and 1.78 times for A549 cells and H1299 cell line respectively compared to control cells. The growth of two lung carcinoma cell lines were significantly (p<0.001) inhibited by metformin treatment for 24 hours. The maximum reduction in growth was 73% and 67% for A549 and H1299 respectively for a concentration of 50mM of metformin compared to the control. The results followed a dose dependant response pattern for insulin as well as metformin treatment. Concentration at which 50% inhibition of growth observed (IC50) was comparable for both the cell lines. Conclusions: Insulin in high circulating concentrations can augment the growth proliferation of lung cancer cells. Metformin can inhibit this insulin mediated proliferation of lung cancer cells in a multifaceted way. The mechanism of action is independent of p53 and liver kinase B1.
To study the effect of insulin on advanced androgen-indpendent prostate cancer (pc-3) cells
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kumar, Abhimanyu; Kumar, Sanjeev
Prostate cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in males over the age of fifty all over the world. Many factors including genetics and diet have been associated with the development of prostate cancer. Hyperinsulinemia has been found to be associated with higher risk of Prostate cancer. Diabetes type-2 is accompanied with hyperinsulinemic state. Both cancer and diabetes are metabolic disorders and often diabetes is correlated with cancer. This study reveals that insulin acts as a mitogen hence increases proliferation in PC-3 cells. Reactive oxygen species are by product of cellular metabolism. Insulin treatment increases cellular metabolism due to which ROS level also increases at higher insulin doses. ROS is necessary for many cells signalling process, abnormal increase in ROS level can cause mutational DNA damage and affects protein folding. Antioxidants and free radical balance is critical for normal cellular functioning. Superoxide dismutase is an important antioxidant enzyme, which keeps ROS level low by dismutation of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide. This is further metabolised by catalase. In our study we have found that at lower insulin doses SOD level increases but at higher insulin doses SOD expression decreases significantly. This may be the possible reason of ROS increase. Matrix metalloproteinase's expression is modulated by insulin, which can lead to increase in malignancy. All factors stated above indicate that hyperinsulinemia can lead to tumor progression.
To Study the Dose and Time Dependent Effect of Human Insulin and Metformin on the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Cholia, Ravi Prakash; Thakur, Sanjeev
Cancer and diabetes, both are leading causes of mortality globally. Both the diseases are multifactorial and share number of common risk factors. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia which are the characteristic features of diabetes influences the growth rate and proliferation of tumor cells directly or indirectly. Type 2 diabetes shows stronger association with various cancers. Breast cancer is one of the malignancy affecting females worldwide. This study demonstrates that glucose not only acts as energy source in tumor cell but also acts as mitogen. Insulin not only regulates the blood glucose level but also induces growth and proliferation in MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 breast cancer cell lines independently and in combination with glucose. Metformin inhibit proliferation of MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 breast cancer cell lines independently and also in presence of glucose and insulin, but shows more inhibitory effect in presence of insulin as compare to glucose. Recently discovered insulin receptor antagonist S961 did not showed any significant response in breast cancer cell lines MCF 7 and MDA MB 231. The ineffectiveness is probably due to blocking effect of higher insulin dose. So with this investigation it can be concluded that metabolic alteration leads to proliferation of breast cancer cell lines.

Botany - Mphil Thesis

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