Department Of Geography

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    The first specimen of Deinotherium indicum (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Deinotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Kutch, India
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020) Singh, N.P; Jukar, A.M; Patnaik, R; Sharma, K.M; Singh, N.A; Singh, Y.P.
    Deinotheriidae Bonaparte, 1845 is a family of browsing proboscideans that were widespread in the Old World during the Neogene. From Miocene deposits in the Indian subcontinent, deinotheres are known largely from dental remains. Both large and small species have been described from the region. Previously, only small deinothere species have been identified from Kutch in western India. In the fossiliferous Tapar beds in Kutch, dental remains have been referred to the small species Deinotherium sindiense Lydekker, 1880, but the specimens are too fragmentary to be systematically diagnostic. Here, we describe a large p4 of a deinothere from the Tapar beds and demonstrate that it is morphologically most similar to Deinotherium indicum Falconer, 1845, a large species of deinothere, thereby confirming the identity of deinotheres at Tapar. Deinotherium indicum from Tapar is larger than other deinotheres identified from Kutch and is the first occurrence of the species in the region. This new specimen helps constrain the age of the Tapar beds to the Tortonian and increases the biogeographic range of this species - hitherto only known from two localities on the subcontinent. This specimen also highlights the morphological diversity of South Asian deinothere p4s and allows us to reassess dental apomorphies used to delimit Indian deinothere species. Lastly, we argue that by the late Miocene, small deinotheres in Kutch were replaced by the large Deinotherium indicum. Copyright � 2020, The Paleontological Society.
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    Mapping and Monitoring the Selected Wetlands of Punjab, India, Using Geospatial Techniques
    (Springer, 2020) Kumar, G; Singh, K.K.
    Wetland inventories especially on their spatial extent are a prerequisite for management and conservation of any wetland. The advancement in geospatial techniques has offered a wide range of methodological applications to prepare the inventories and to understand the dynamics of wetlands. The freely available Landsat imagery has been widely used in extracting spatial and temporal information about wetlands. The literature suggests that wetland has declined all over the globe over the past few decades. This study aims to prepare land use/land cover information of three wetlands of Punjab (Harike, Ropar, and Nangal) through direct on screen digitization and through digital processing using automatic digital indices�as well. Evaluation of the performance of two band indices, normalized difference water index (NDWI) and modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) is also taken up in the present study. Landsat data of two periods-1990/91 and of 2018 are used for the study to perform two band indices. The result indicates that the NDWI and MNDWI are less time consuming and serve the purpose of mapping and monitoring wetlands with higher accuracy. � 2020, Indian Society of Remote Sensing.
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    A geospatial investigation of interlinkage between basement fault architecture and coastal aquifer hydrogeochemistry
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Das P.P.; Mohapatra P.P.; Goswami S.; Mishra M.; Pattanaik J.K.
    The Mahanadi delta, deposited on a series of horst and graben basement structures, is considered an extension of the East Lambert Rift of Antarctica. Current study is based on the hydrogeochemical assessment of this deltaic aquifer system and geospatial analysis thereof, to appreciate the basement structure influence on groundwater chemistry. Major ion chemistry of subsurface waters portrays a distinct saline contamination across the terrain and varied regimes of water types, specifically with respect to southern and northern parts of this aquifer system. Findings of the study indicate a general near surface saline horizon and significant fragmentation of the hydrostatic units. This, in turn, implies noteworthy influence of formational water to salinity regimes and basin structural changes for the escape of these waters to surroundings. A plot of recent low intensity earthquakes displays proximity of epicenters to the faults as well as striking similarity to the trend of terrestrial faults indicating multiple reactivations of the faults. To further corroborate the above findings, spatial pattern analysis of individual hydrochemical variables is carried out which reveals specific clusters of sources (groundwater mixing) and sinks (groundwater dispersion) in proximity to basement fault dispositions. While the faults can be disregarded as conduits or barriers owing to their great depth, the overlying sedimentary mass, particularly, the horizons with significant clayey content have been distorted due to post rift subsidence and fault reactivations. A proximity analysis of ionic clusters points towards a greater influence of longitudinal faults to that of the transverse ones on groundwater mixing or dispersion.
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    Assessment of urban sprawl in Bathinda city, India
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Guite L.T.S.
    Interaction between space and time is well documented in the study of urban sprawl, where expansion of urban margins becomes the outcome of changing functionality of space within the given time frame. While urban sprawl becomes inevitable phenomena, the paper seeks to identify the role of population growth and sectors of working population that contributed to the sprawl in Bathinda city, Punjab. In this regards, Reilly's law of retail gravitation is analyzed for spatial expansion of built up areas. Using remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System) as a platform for creating land use land cover changes from Landsat images reveals the change matrix for the different land use classification. Thus, readdressing urban sprawl as an outcome of increasing retail sector is an interesting finding that perhaps would further enhances knowledge in urban research.
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    Microfossil Assemblage from Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks) exposed near Polian Prohita, Una District, Himachal Pradesh, India
    (The Society of Earth Scientists, 2015) Sharma, K. Milankumar; Singh, Shyam Sundar; P.V., Vipina
    The Fluvial molassic sediments of Middle Siwalik which is considered to be deposited within the time range from 10.1-5.1 Ma holds a long record of the provenance and palaeoenvironmental history of Siwalik foreland basin. A mudstone bed of Dhok Pathan Formation exposed near Polian Prohita, Una district, Himachal Pradesh has yielded a diverse fossil assemblage. The present assemblage include mollusks Parreysia sp., Lamillidens sp., Melanoides sp. and Gyraulus sp. The charophytes include Chara globularis globularis, Chara globularis aspera, Chara sp. indet, Lychnothamus breviovatus and Lamprothamnium papulosum. Ostracodes Stenocypris sp. and Candona sp. have also been reported here. Fish teeth of certain morphotypes belonging to the Channidae and Cyprinidae families were also recorded. The majority of the fossil assemblage suggested that a warm tropical to subtropical humid climatic condition was prevailing during the deposition of these sediments. As this fossil assemblage is found restricted to a particular mudstone bed it can be inferred that there existed a localized swampy to overbank pond environment in within the braided river system deposits of Dhok Pathan Formation.
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    Lithostratigraphy, trace fossils and palaeoenvironment of Paleogene sequences in Parwanoo-Subathu sector of Himachal Himalaya, India
    (Geological Society of India, 2018) Singh, Ram Jivan; Sharma, K. Milankumar; Kumar, Pankaj; Ghosh, T.
    The Paleogene belt of the Outer Himalaya in the Shimla Hills is represented by the Paleocene to Lower Miocene ma-rine to ?uvial rocks of the Sirmur Group which is divisible into the Subathu, Dagshai and Kasauli formations in younging order in Parwanoo-Subathu area of the Himachal Pradesh, India. The shallow marine fossil bearing Subathu Formation overlies the various Proterozoic lithostratigraphic units like the Simla Group, Krol Group, Baliana Group, Shali Group/Deoban Group and others with an unconformable contact marked by a thin layer of oxidized and ferruginised laterite, indicating prevalence of warm tropical climate before deposition of these shallow transgressive marine rocks. The Subathu Formation grades upward into ?uvial deposits,compris-ing an alternate sequence of reddish-purple mudstone and ?ne to medium grained, reddish-brown sandstone of the Dagshai Formation along with multiple palaeosol horizons. The rocks of the Dagshai Formation are further gradationally overlain by the plant fossil bear-ing ?uvial sequence of medium to coarse grained, massive, multistory, greenish-grey micaceous sandstone and minor grey-orange mudstone of the Kasauli Formation. In response to southward leading deformation front of the Himalayan orogeny, due to collision tectonics of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the para-autochthonous Paleogene fold-thrust belt exposed between the northerly dipping Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)/Krol Thrust in north and the Main Boundary Fault (MBF) in the south shows repetition of some forma-tions of the Sirmur Group along Parwanoo-Darampur-Barog-Subathu section of the Himachal Himalaya. The abundance of vertical and cylindrical burrows of Skolithos linearis, S. annulatus, S. ingen, S. bulbus, Ophiomorpha esp., Thallasinoides paradoxides, etc. within the upper part of the Subathu Formation suggest lower intertidal to subtidal environment. This ichnofossil assemblage along with Skolithos-Thallasinoids-Ophiomorpha represent littoral zone, intertidal to subtidal environment of deposition
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    Phytosaurian Osteoderms From The Late Triassic Tiki Formation (Shahdol District, Madhya Pradesh), India
    (The Palaeontological Society of India, 2015) Sharma, K. Milankumar; Kumar, Jitendra
    The Late Triassic fossiliferous deposits of the Tiki Fomation of the South Rewa Gondwana Basin of India, is well known for its vertebrate fossil assemblages including temnospondyl tetrapods, archosauroform rhynchosaur, and several crurotarsans such as phytosaurs and rauisuchids. The present paper describes some phytosaurid osteoderm remains for the ?rst time from the Tiki Formation. These osteoderms are found together with phytosaurian teeth, jaw and vertebrae. On the basis of their texture, shape, size, morphology and association with phytosaurian remains, the present specimens have been assigned to phytosaurids
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    Spatial Analysis of primary education in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir
    (Sonhira, 2018) Sharma, Renu; LTS Guite*
    Study on ‘Educational backwardness’ has become an interesting study among the researchers looking into the factors behind low literacy rate. In this concern, the focus on primary education has become important as it paves the ‘foundation stone’ for all other levels of education. The present paper is an attempt to bridge the gap between physical and human entity for primary education and seeks to find out ‘how space functions with time in relation to primary education; Does the physical arrangement and social setting of Reasi district is effecting the distribution of primary educational facilities. It is an attempt to understand the changing functions of space in relation to primary education, and provides description and interpretation of educational facilities in Reasi district in the context of Jammu division by looking at ‘the pattern of distribution’ and ‘change within temporal attributes’. It also seeks to find out how physical and socio-economic features affect the primary educational facilities in the area.
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    Urban green space availability in Bathinda City, India
    (Springer International Publishing, 2018) Singh K.K.
    This paper aims to investigate and map the spatial distribution of urban green spaces (UGSs) in Bathinda City, India. Since urban green spaces affect the quality of life and provide various ecological, socio-cultural and economic benefits to a city, the spatial distribution of UGSs and per capita availability deserve greater consideration in urban planning and research. The UGSs are extracted from freely available Sentinel 2 image with spatial resolutions of 10 m (blue, green, red, and near infrared bands). The result indicates that the planned urban setups have higher area under UGSs as compared to the rest of the city. Analysis and intra-city comparison (ward wise) of distribution of green spaces and per capita availability indicate that there is an inequitable distribution of UGSs in Bathinda City. The study also attempts to accentuate the scope of green initiatives in the various wards of the city to ensure the well-being of people.