Department Of Geography

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    Paleoclimate And Paleoenvironment Analysis Of Panchet Formation Of Damodar Basin, India Using Xrd Analysis
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Boral, Nandan; Sharma, K Milankumar
    The bulk rock geochemistry of 14 samples collected from the Asansol district, West Bengal, India, from the Northern bank of the river Damodar were analysed using XRD. The studied area belongs to the Panchet Formation of Lower Triassic age of Lower Gondwana group of rocks. The major analysis has been done using the clay mineralogy. These data enables to reconstruct the ancient environmental and climatic condition during the deposition. Samples were dried in an oven up to 65°c temperature for a week and grinded to finest level in Retch RS200.Raw XRD data receive were analysed in X'Pert high software. SEM samples were prepared by disintegrating sandstone with Hydrogen peroxide. Equal sized quartz grains were analyzed under Carl Zeiss Merlin Compact 6073 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and their surface textures observed. Three major clays (Smectite, Illite and Kaolinite) have been identified for the correlation with different sections. The percentage of these three clays calculated manually. Presence of high Smectite with Kaolinite indicates warm humid environment of formation, with rainfall ranging from 50-150 cm, higher amount of Smectite over Kaolinite indicates variation in seasonality during the deposition.
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    Geochemical, Textural And Mineralogical Analysis Of Aeolian Sediments
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Rout, Ujjwala; Pattanaik Kumar Jitendra
    Geochemical characteristics of sediments of sand dune will control the quality of shallow ground water and soil type and its composition. In this study sediments from stabilized sand dunes found in in the area of Bathinda and Sikar Region were investigated. With time and change of climatic condition pedogenesis process will be active on the stabilized sand dunes. Aeolian sediments of stabilized sand dunes provides clue to understand the paleoclimate, paleo-vegetation, paleo-wind flow direction of these area.Grain Size Distribution and mineralogical analysis of the sediments helps to understand the depositional environment and energy condition of that area, degree physical and chemical weathering and transportation history.In the present study textural and mineralogical analysis of Aeolian sands was carried out to find out the chemical weathering intensity of that area and depositional environment of the sediments. The sediments of Bathinda andSikar regions are texturally very fine sand. The Sikar regions are unimodal with fine grain size, whereas in Bathinda few samples shows bimodal. Based on various discrimination plots it is infer that the sediments are deposited in the quite aeolian environmentwith low active energy condition. Presence of calcrete and clay minerals indicate dunes were stabilized and pedogenesis process were active in the sand dunes. Maximum carbonate percentage is observed from the Loc S. Bulk geochemistry indicates the SiO2 percentage varies from 58 to 64%. The maximum CIA value of 83 was observed in the Loc C samples. A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM ternary plot shows maximum samples are low to moderately weathered and trending towards Al2O3 apex.
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    Determination Of Trace Metals In Different Phases Of Sediments By Sequential Extraction Method
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Swain, Subhransu; K Pattanaik, Jitendra
    Elements are distributed in different phase based on their affinity to different complexes present in the sediment phases. Some phases are rich in certain element due to geochemical behaviour of that element.Sediments from weathering profile and river bedload carries information about the chemical weathering intensity, neoformations, type of clay minerals formed due to alteration ofprimary mineral phase. XRD analysis gives us information about the distribution of different minerals presents in weathering profile and bedload deposits. Change in mineral assemblage from weathering profile to bedload deposits by different surficial process can be obtained from mineralogical and geochemical analysis of sediments. Semi-quantification and mineral phase identification from XRD analysis shows mineral distribution and indicate the clay mineral percentage is high in the weathering profile sediments.An analytical procedure involving sequential extraction have been developed for understanding partitioning of particulate trace metals into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and residuals.Sequential leaching of weathering profile sediments indicate that the partitioning of trace elements like Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Tl and Thin organic phase is high and it contains 50-70% of the total. Whereas, element like Co, Cd, U is in lower concentration which is varies between 0 - 20 %.Except As, U Tl all other element shows higher (> 50%) partitioning in the organic phase of the Bed load sediments.
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    Dissolution rate of Basalt
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) K Panigrahi, Somesh; K Pattanaik, Jitendra
    Physical weathering, Chemical weathering, climate and grain size strongly influences the weathering rate of dissolution. To determine the basalt dissolution rate at various physical-chemical conditions and create an artificial weathering set up by controlling pH, time, grain size in the lab. Three fresh (F.R A1, A2 and Fresh basalt (2/RT12/2)) and one weather (B1) samples of basalt was taken for the defining the rate of weathering. 125-75 and 75-38?m grains size of samples were treated with pH 4, pH 6 continuously agitate for 24, 72, 48 hours and 168 hours at room temperature. Mineral phase identification and geochemical measurements were carried out using XRD and ICP-MS analysis. B1 is less dense compared to other three samples (F.R A1, A2 and Fresh basalt (2/RT12/2)) and A2 shows the high density. Initial pH 4 changed into pH 4.5 and the pH 6 samples changed into pH 7 during dissolution of basalt. In Acidic condition/ low pH the leached elemental concentration is found to be high. Effect of grain size variation in the dissolution rate found to be less. The dissolution rate is higher in the initial stage and reduced with time. Weathered samples shows higher mineral dissolution rate compare to the fresh basalt.