Master's Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/156

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Oxidative Stress

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Investigation of combined genotoxic effect of pesticides on cancer cell lines
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Anju; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    The use of pesticides in agriculture sector is increasing widely to alleviate crop loss due to pests. To combat problem of pest, various types of pesticides are widely used, out of which insecticide are majorly used. In Malwa region of Punjab lots of insecticides are used. These pesticides when present together they may result in combined response. This combined response can be of three types such as independent, dose addition and interaction (synergism or antagonism). This combined response is very big trouble, such as sometimes even low dose of pesticide which is not toxic individually can result in toxic response in the presence of another pesticide. In the present study, Malathion and Monocrotophos (widely used organophosphorous insecticides) selected for investigation of combined effect. Out of selected pesticide Malathion also detected in water, in present study. Various parameters for genotoxicity evaluation was carried out with exposure of pesticides on HCT-116 WT/ p53 mutant (colon cancer) cell lines. Results of present study suggested that combination of pesticides resulted in more cell death, oxidative stress, membrane instability and imbalanced antioxidative system. It is also evaluated that low dose exposure of pesticides individually and in combination resulted in increased cell survival, may be due to activation of defense mechanism with prior treatment. All parameters evaluated was with short term exposure of 1-2 days, so evaluated long term exposure of ten days and found that this resulted in very less cell number and changed cell morphology. It is observed that both pesticides showed genotoxicity individually as well as in combination. The combined exposure of both pesticides deviate from there expected effect for dose addition towards more toxicity. So it is concluded that there may be some interaction between these pesticides, which may be synergistic in nature, because observed more toxicity.
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    Assessment of Extract of Syzygium cumini Against Doxorubicin Induced Cardiotoxicity
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Chayan, Mukherjee; Monisha Dhiman
    For the past four decades, doxorubicin (DOX) has been used to treat cancer, mainly solid tumours and haematological malignancies. However, clinical community is greatly concerned regarding the administration of this as DOX treatment is commonly associated with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Attempts at alleviating drug generated cardiac damage using an extract from different parts of plants with radical scavenging property are a promising area of research. Hydroalcoholic extract derived from fruit pulp of Syzygiumcumini which has a significant antiradical scavenging effect. This study aims to assess the effect of parallel administration of SC fruit pulp extract (SC) on mitigating or preventing DOX induced cardiotoxicity in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell lines. Addition of SC fruit pulp extract and DOX were performed for both treatment and control sets on H9c2 cells. SC fruit pulp extract showed strong ABTS cation radical scavenging activity in a dose dependent manner. MTT assay was used to study the cytotoxic effect of SC fruit pulp extract and DOX. ROS levels were estimated using NBT assay and DHE assay. The results showed that DOX has significant cytotoxic effect in a dose dependent manner while SC fruit pulp extract did not display any significant cytotoxicity on H9c2 cells. The DOX induced ROS production was found to be significantly reduced in SC fruit pulp extract treated cells. Results of the current study also suggest that the treatment of SC fruit pulp extract along with DOX, displayed cardioprotective potential in H9c2 cells by: 1) reducing lipid peroxidation; 2) decreasing extracellular nitric oxide (NO); 3) decreasing the expression of the protein p47phox and iNOS/NOS-2. These results clearly suggest that treatment of SC fruit pulp extract along with DOX reduces the DOX induced toxicity and hence can be a promising therapeutic intervention in managing DOX mediated cardiotoxicity.
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    Oxidative stress responses to sub-lethal dose of Cry toxin in the larvae of castor semilooper, Achaea janata
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Kanika; Chaitanya,R.K.
    Development of synthetic insecticides to reduce the level of infestation led to deleterious effects on environment and human health. This lead to the development of ecofriendly pest management alternatives including Bacillus thuringensis (Bt). Bt produce Crystal (Cry), Cytotoxic (Cyt) and Vegetative (Vip) proteins with insecticidal activity against different orders of lepidoptera. Of late, pest resistance against Bt is reported in countries.The reduced toxicity of Bt formulation from degradation by UV light, wash-off by rain, drying, temperature, and soil acidity as well as its chemistry. Further, insects sense pesticides through odorant receptors and move away quickly, there is always a possibility of a population of larvae to get exposed to sub-lethal doses of toxin which might exhibit variable effects and escape mortality and eventually generate resistance. Sub-lethal dose lead to the generation of oxidative stress in the insect and eventually scavenged by anti-oxidant enzymes. These stress responses would enhance our understanding of adaptations for survival and resistance development. The current study is an attempt to monitor the antioxidative responses at the transcriptional level upon sub-lethal exposure of Cry toxin in the larvae of an polyphagous pest castor semilooper, Achaea janata. prevalent in the Indian subcontinent.
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    Role of curcumin on monoamine oxidase(MAO) enzyme expression and activity against Amyloid Beta (A?)-induced oxidative stress in human glioblastoma U-87 MG cell.
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Behera, Nishibala N; Mantha,Anil K.
    Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in humans. The major factor responsible for its progression is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to disruption of signaling pathways and damage to cells and tissues. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is involved in oxidative deamination of endogenous biogenic amine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Therefore, MAO plays a key role in initiation and progression of GBM through oxidative stress. In the present study, A?(25-35) peptide treatment was used to induce oxidative stress in human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells. A?(25-35) is known to induce oxidative stress through altering the expression and activity of various antioxidant and mitochondrial enzymes. In this study, the expression and activity of MAO was evaluated through induction of oxidative stress by A?(25-35) and antioxidant treatment of Curcumin. It was found that Curcumin decreases the mRNA expression of MAO but its protein expression increases, whereas A?(25-35) showed little decrease in the mRNA expression of MAO and increase in its protein expression, thus pointing towards differential regulation of translation and transcription. The activity of MAO was found to be increased in A?(25-35), Cur and Cur+A?(25-35) . Therefore, Curcumin has little or no antioxidant effect in altering the expression and activity of MAO and A? showed its oxidative potential by increasing the expression and activity of MAO, although not very significant, possibly because it uses other pathways for inducing oxidative stress.