Botany - Master Dissertation

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/29

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    Influence of preconditoning on water relations and pigment system during reproductive stage in winter sown chickpea.
    (Central University of Punjab, 2016) Jarial, Poonam; Thakur, Sanjeev K.
    Chickpea is self –pollinated legume crop which was believed firstly originated in South-Eastern Turkey and parts of Syria. Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop in the world. In Northern India, chickpea is grown in winter season. Preconditioning the plant with mild drought stress may trigger the various signaling pathways which will prepare the plants to conquer lethal cold stress. In this study, PBG1, PBG5 and GPF2 variety are more sensitive to the chilling stress, which were preconditioned with mild drought stress and then exposed to lethal cold stress. To see the effect of preconditioning various cell responses were monitored by measuring ELI, Relative Water Content and chlorophyll content at different stages of chickpea. All genotypes generated a variable response. Overall, relative water content and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in preconditioned PBG1, GPF2 and PBG5, which are sensitive to chilling stress. The study showed increase tolerance capacity in preconditioned plant towards chilling temperature and improve tolerance against chickpea
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    Investigating The Germinating Behaviour Of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Uniyal, Ajay Prakash; Kumar, Vinay
    Seed germination is the crucial stage in plant development process. It commences with water imbibition and culminates with radicle protrusion. This process has been observed to be occurred in sequential three phases, phase I with rapid water uptake followed by phase II (Plateau Phase) and phase III in which radicle extrusion takes place. Water imbibition during phase I triggers the sets of events that causes some physiological and biochemical changes in seeds as starch degradation by activation of hydrolytic enzymes etc that are strongly related to plumule and radicle growth. The present investigation aims to investigate the germinating behaviour of Chickpea (Cicer arientium L.) and biochemical alteration during the three phases of germination. Phase I is found to be from 0-20 hours, Phase II from 20-32 hours and Phase III after 32 hours. During germination, both starch and proteins were found to be degraded to provide the developing embryo with sugars and free amino acids respectively and the content of reducing sugars and total sugars were found to be increased. The result indicates that the reserve seed storage mobilisation may be helpful to proceed the seedling growth.
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    Isolation And Culturing Of Photobionts From Antarctic Lichen
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Acharya, Sayanya; Bast, Felix
    Lichen is the symbiotic association in between algal and fungal partner. Lichens having various economic importance. The main objective is to isolate and culture of the photobionts from the lichen samples collected from Antarctica. Trebouxia sp. is extremely psychrophilic and fastidious in growth, found in the lichen samples. Both samples belong to genus Umbilicaria, Umbilicaria antarctica and Umbilicaria aprina. In the lichen samples Gyrophoric acid is found as secondary metabolites. First to isolate the photobionts, we use micromethod and for the culturing use 3M BBM media for 45-60 days at 22-25o C temperature. Then subculturing process is done and followed by DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was kept for further use in sequencing purpose. The isolated and cultured photobionts can be further studied using DNA sequencing, SEM, and confocal microscopy to get a clear idea about the photobionts and its internal organelles; these will help in proper identification of the photobionts as well as the lichen. Further phylogenetic studies of photobionts and coevolutionary studies between photobionts and mycobionts which may be done by extensive taxa sampling and through use of molecular systematics techniques.
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    Characterization And Culture Of Snow Alga Chlamydomonas Nivalis From Antarctica
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Samal, Archana; Bast,Felix
    The snow alga Chlamydomonas nivalis is the reason of colouring the snow orange-red. For current study sample was collected from Dalk Glaciers, Larsmann hills, Eastern Antarctica. This is the most studied alga of snow-fields but cytology, morphology, and taxonomy are still unsolved. Our experiment focuses on comparative growth rate study of algal culture at two different temperature one is of 4°C and other is of 20-22°C and its morphology as well as life cycle study. Experiment confirmed that algal culture at 20-22°C was growing at a higher rate than the culture at 4°C. Identification and characterization were done on the basis of light microscope and phase microspore studies. Phase contrast microscope picture signifies the presence of different types of algal cells in culture. Flow cytometry strongly support the phase contrast microscope data and signifies the presence of algal cells in different stages of its life cycle.
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    Differential Alternative Splicing Analysis Under Abiotic Stress Conditions In Barley (Hordeum Vulgare)
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Bisht, Diksha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Biotic and abiotic stress factors adversely affect the growth and development of plants, living in constantly changing environment. Plant abiotic stress responses seem to be frequently associated with the process of alternative splicing. Alternative splicing generates multiple products from a single gene by variable splicing of exons. RNA-seq utilizes NGS platforms to produce massive amount of sequence data. Using transcriptomic data, we tried to identify the differentially spliced genes in barley under heat and cadmium stress. Raw RNA seq data was pre-processed and aligned with reference barley genome. Then differential alternative splicing was analyzed on the basis of intron excision. In this study, a total of 196 significant differentially spliced clusters were found under two abiotic stress conditions, among them 47 and 149 clusters were associated with cadmium and heat stress condition, respectively. Overall, 133 fully annotated clusters and 63 unannotated clusters were observed. Further, annotation was performed for the significant genes to determine their functions. Some of these significant genes encode for splicing factors, stress tolerance protein, non snRNPs and antioxidants. From this study, it was concluded that barley undergo differential spliced events to maintain its homeostasis under different abiotic stress conditions.
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    Development And Characterization Of SSR Markers In Calotropis Procera
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Vandana; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Calotropis procera is a weed growing around the arid and semi-arid areas of the tropical and subtropical regions. The species has the potential to replace cotton and resolve the high rates of cotton-based products and at the same time reduce the use of synthetic non-biodegradable fibres. It has been used in various medicinal formulations from a long time. There is a need for developing molecular markers to facilitate breeding and genetic improvement of its varieties. Out of 12.6 million raw reads, 84636 reads were obtained after quality check and filtering. 93.7% of alignment rate and 76.31% of core genes were detected in Bowtie and BUSCO assessment, respectively. An average of 5.5 SSRs/Mb was obtained in 72.349 Mb transcriptome. 25 SSR markers were selected for characterization on 30 individuals representing 3 populations. 13 SSR loci were found polymorphic. In the population structure analysis a moderate level of genetic diversity (Na=3.9231, He=0.633) was predicted. The genetic variation among the population was found to be only 7% whereas within the population, it was 93%. The mean Shannon?s information index obtained was 1.1, showing significant diversity richness in the populations. The Dendrogram showed that the population from Bathinda and Ambala are closely related to each other than those from Barnala. The gene flow between Bathinda and Ambala population was found significantly high (6.439). The present set of loci had a high PIC value of 0.506 that makes them very informative to be further used for large scale studies.
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    Identification Of Ganoderic Acids And Derivatives From Fruiting Bodies Of Ganoderma Lucidum
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Pradhan, Agrah; Kumar,Sanjeev
    Ganoderic acids and other bioactive triterpene metabolites from crude extract of wood decaying fungus Ganoderma lucidum from two different hosts Acacia and Azadirachta were to be isolated as proposed. The method for extraction was simple and divided into three parts, 1. Solvent selection, 2. Dissolving metabolites into solvent for maximization of number of detected metabolites, 3. Extraction of metabolites from solvent. A variety of methods for maximizing dissolution in solvent based on pharmaceutical extraction protocols were employed. Sonication was chosen as the best method with detection of 5 distinct spots (metabolites) from TLC. Ethanol based sample extracts were packed inside silica gel column while using chloroform as the mobile phases in column chromatography. Some metabolites were isolated and confirmed by TLC. Due to time bound project work the further isolation was paused and the crude extracts were forwarded for GC-MS detection and analysis of constituent metabolites. After preparation of sample and analysis in gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), 16 metabolites were found in chloroform extract of ganoderma having azadirachta as host and 24 metabolites were found from acacia host associated fungal crude extract. The detected metabolites were alkaloids, phenols, fatty acids (and precursors), esters, di-ene compounds and sterols (terpenes).Terpenes (C28-Phytosterols) were found with molecular weight 396-398. 7,22-Ergostadienol with area 2.91% and 1.19% is found in Acacia and Azadirachta samples. Moreover another metabolite 7,22- Ergostadienone with area 0.61% is also found in Acacia (Host) sample this metabolite has various bio-active properties like anti-inflamatory and cytotoxic properties. These are derivatives of the ergosterols found in fungal body. These structures are products of lanosterol, (squalene derived products) they have many anthropocentric exploitive uses and they resemble the metabolite backbone (derivatives) we were initially looking for.
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    Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Contrasting Chickpea Cultivars
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Ghosh, Alokesh; Kumar, Vinay
    Phenolics are the major class of plant secondary metabolites. Among half of the plant phenolics are the flavonoids. The production of these metabolites induces during stresses and thus helps the plant to cope with the environment. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids protects plant from harmful UV rays, attracts the pollinators and seed dispersal, helps in mimicry and also helps in the root nodulation process in legumes. Chickpea is a leguminous and major pulse crop plant, shown in the winter season faces lots of stress. Anthocyanins and other phenolics help the plant to tolerate such stresses. Desi cultivars have more phenolics and anthocyanin as compared to the kabuli one. Flowers have higher concentration of anthocyanin than in leaves. Untargeted metabolomics profiling of the dry powdered mature seed samples of contrasting chickpea cultivars detects primary and secondary metabolites such as fatty acids, phenolics, phelols, terpenes, esters,sugar,etc in the seeds of chickpea.
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    To Study Callus Induction from Explants of Nicotiana tabacum
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Reetu; Kumar,Vinay
    Due to a great importance of callus most of the work has been carried out on regeneration aspect of callus including somatic embryogenesis, which is very important aspect of plant tissue culture and crop improvement. A large number of plants have been regenerated in plant tissue facility using various explants in phytohormone supplemented MS media. In present proposal, three selected phytohormone (NAA, BAP and 2,4-D) in different concentration combinations have been used for callus induction using leaf and seedling as explants in tobacco. It was found that best combination for induction of callus is BAP and NAA as compared to BAP and 2,4-D. Color, texture and size of callus were assessed after 25 days of culture. Rate of growth was found more in the culture media containing BAP and NAA combination. It was observed that color of callus was greenish in culture media having BAP and NAA and yellowish brown in the culture medium containing BAP and 2,4-D. In conclusion, this work help to establish that both seedling and leaf explants can be used for callus formation with appropriate supply of phytohormones.
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    Analyzing Reproductive Capabilities Of Chickpea In Cold Environment
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Selpair, Shweta; Kumar,Sanjeev
    Chickpea is winter sown legume crop. In northern India, crop faces chilling stress during the month of January. Chilling stress causes detrimental effects on the reproductive stages of the crop which leads to the abortion of flowers, pod setting and seed yield. Preconditioning is a process in which plants are treated with mild drought stress to induce plant defense system against chilling stress. Effect of preconditioning was studied on five genotypes PBG1, GPF2, PDG3, PDG4 and PBG5. In this experiment, performance was evaluated on the basis of their seed yield. Reproductive structures were studied with the help of compound, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. Results have shown that PBG5 has performed best while PBG1 worst on the basis of seed yield among the five genotypes.