Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Date
2023-10-12Author
Singh, Ankit Kumar
Kumar, Adarsh
Arora, Sahil
Kumar, Raj
Verma, Amita
Khalilullah, Habibullah
Jaremko, Mariusz
Emwas, Abdul-Hamid
Kumar, Pradeep
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Show full item recordAbstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). � 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Journal
Chemical Biology and Drug Design
Access Type
Closed Access